CISA Advisory: goTenna Pro X and Pro X2

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 8.7
• ATTENTION: Low attack complexity
• Vendor: goTenna
• Equipment: Pro series
• Vulnerabilities: Weak Password Requirements, Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information, Missing Support for Integrity Check, Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints, Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG), Weak Authentication, Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data, Observable Response Discrepancy, Missing Authentication for Critical Function

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the communications between the affected devices.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of goTenna Pro series, mesh networking device, are affected:

• goTenna Pro App: versions 1.6.1 and prior

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 Weak Password Requirements CWE-521

The goTenna Pro series uses a weak password for the QR broadcast message. If the QR broadcast message is captured over RF it is possible to decrypt it and use it to decrypt all future and past messages sent via encrypted broadcast.

CVE-2024-47121 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47121. A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.2 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information CWE-922

In the goTenna Pro application, the encryption keys are stored along with a static IV on the device. This allows for complete decryption of keys stored on the device. This allows an attacker to decrypt all encrypted communications that include P2P, Group, and broadcast messages that use these keys.

CVE-2024-47122 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47122. A base score of 5.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.3 Missing Support for Integrity Check CWE-353

The goTenna Pro series use AES CTR mode for short, encrypted messages without any additional integrity checking mechanisms. This leaves messages malleable to any attacker that can access the message.

CVE-2024-47123 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47123. A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.4 Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information CWE-319

The goTenna pro series does not encrypt the callsigns of its users. These callsigns reveal information about the users and can also be leveraged for other vulnerabilities.

CVE-2024-47124 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47124. A base score of 2.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.5 Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints CWE-923

The goTenna Pro series does not authenticate public keys which allows an unauthenticated attacker to intercept and manipulate messages.

CVE-2024-47125 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47125. A base score of 7.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.6 Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) CWE-338

The goTenna Pro series does not use SecureRandom when generating its cryptographic keys. The random function in use is not suitable for cryptographic use.

CVE-2024-47126 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47126. A base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.7 Weak Authentication CWE-1390

In the goTenna Pro there is a vulnerability that makes it possible to inject any custom message with any GID and Callsign using a software defined radio in existing gotenna mesh networks. This vulnerability can be exploited if the device is being used in a unencrypted environment or if the cryptography has already been compromised.

CVE-2024-47127 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47127. A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.8 Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data CWE-201

The goTenna Pro broadcast key name is always sent unencrypted and could reveal the location of operation.

CVE-2024-47128 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47128. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.9 Observable Response Discrepancy CWE-204

The goTenna Pro has a payload length vulnerability that makes it possible to tell the length of the payload regardless of the encryption used.

CVE-2024-47129 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47129. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.10 Missing Authentication for Critical Function CWE-306

The goTenna Pro series allows unauthenticated attackers to remotely update the local public keys used for P2P and Group messages.

CVE-2024-47130 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47130. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Communications, Government Services and Facilities
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: United States
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Erwin Karincic, Clayton Smith, and Dale Wooden reported this these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

goTenna recommends that users mitigate these vulnerabilities by performing the following updates:

• Android Pro: v2.0.3 or greater
• iOS Pro users please contact goTenna so they can push this update directly to users.

goTenna recommends that users follow these mitigations:

General Mitigations for All Users/Clients

• Use Discreet Callsigns and Key Names: Choose callsigns and key names that do not disclose sensitive information, such as your location, team size, or team name. Avoid using any identifiers that could inadvertently reveal your location or the composition of your team.
• Secure End-User Devices: Implement strong security measures on all end-user devices, including the use of encryption and ensuring regular software updates.
• Follow Key Rotation Best Practices: Regularly rotate encryption keys according to industry best practices to maintain ongoing security.

Pro-Specific Mitigations

• Share Encryption Keys via QR Code: Utilize QR codes, similar to ATAK, for the secure exchange of encryption keys.
• Secure Broadcasting: When broadcasting, ensure you are in a secured area and transmit the key at a reduced power of 0.5 Watts to limit exposure.
• Leverage Layered Encryption: Implement layered encryption keys to securely manage communications, whether interacting with individuals or teams.

If you have any questions please contact prosupport@gotenna.com.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• September 26, 2024: Initial Publication